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Archaeologist Rachel Pope unpicks the Celtic knot to reveal the mystery of the ancient Celts. Far from originating in Britain and Ireland, the Celts emerge here as a matrifocal Early Iron Age culture from central Gaul, deeply connected to the wider ancient world: the Austrian salt trade, the cities of Greece, and especially the Etruscans of northern Italy. At the heart of their power lay control of the western tin routes that fuelled the Bronze and Iron Age economies. Tracing the transformation of Celtic society across Europe, Rachel follows how their descendants became known around the Mediterranean as Europe’s fierce “brave fighters” — the same warriors who once humiliated early Rome — while older Celtic beliefs and traditions endured in the west.